He was born at Gifford which is the neighbouring parish to the one John Knox was born in. 1898, Page 18Corner, George W. The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush. "The remains of a man who hath been long among the foremost of his country, for power, for wisdom, and for fortune; and who, if what honors this young country can bestow, if many and great personal talents, could save man from the grave, would not thus have been lamented here by you. Thus had the stage been set as Caesar Rodney galloped up Chestnut Street to the State House in Philadelphia on the morning of July 2nd. At the urging of Benjamin Rush and Richard Stockton, whom he met in Paisley, Witherspoon finally accepted a second invitation to become president and head professor of the small Presbyterian College of New Jersey in Princeton. Boudinot was appointed by General Washington to be commissary general of prisoners in the Revolutionary Army 1776-1779. He managed to move his family to safety, but was captured and imprisoned by the British. While he at first abstained from political concerns, he came to support the revolutionary cause, accepting appointment to the committees of correspondence and safety in early 1776. (Image courtesy of the Architect of the Capitol) UCF lecturer David Head barely needs notes to teach the course U.S. History: 1492-1877. He spoke often in concurrence; helped draft the Articles of Confederation; helped organize the executive departments; played a major role in shaping public policy; and drew up the instructions for the peace commissioners. When at last all his attempts to change the minds of the British failed, he decided he must, when given a choice of King or country, choose his native country. Login to find your connection. Tonight there was to be no rest for this weary patriot. [22], Witherspoon suffered eye injuries and was blind by 1792. In his lectures on moral philosophy at Princeton, required of all juniors and seniors, Witherspoon argued for the revolutionary right of resistance and recommended checks and balances within government. He was attacked one night in Edinburgh by a desperate robber and defended himself skillfully with a small sword. The British invaded New Jersey and Stockton rushed home and moved his family to the home of a friend thirty miles from Princeton. Park Service 1973Glynn, John C. & Kathryn Glynn, His Sacred Honor Judge Richard Stockton A Signer of the Declaration of Independence. [16] From among his students came 37 judges (three of whom became justices of the U.S. Supreme Court); 10 Cabinet officers; 12 members of the Continental Congress, 28 U.S. Witherspoon Street, in: Princeton, New Jersey; Pomfret, John E.. '"Witherspoon, John" in. Witherspoon personally taught courses in eloquence or belles lettres, chronology (history), and divinity. Philip Stockton, Rebecca Te kton, Susannah Cuthbert (born Stockton), Mary Stockton, Molly Rush (born Simpson), Richard Arthur Stockton, Lucius Horatio Stockton, Abig Oct 1 1730 - Princeton, Somerset, Province Of New Jersey, Feb 28 1781 - Princeton, Somerset, New Jersey, Usa, Susan STOCKTON, Julia STOCKTON, Richard Arthur STOCKTON, Abigail STOCKTON, Lucius STOCKTON, Susanna STOCKTON, Hannah STOCKTON, Rev. Source: Independence Hall Association, Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Richard Stockton, 1730-1781 - http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/signers/stockton.htm, In 1768, Stockton had his first taste of government service when he was appointed to the governing Council of New Jersey; he was later (1774) appointed to the New Jersey Supreme Court. Students who later played prominent roles in the new nation's development included James Madison, Aaron Burr, Philip Freneau, William Bradford, and Hugh Henry Brackenridge. After Stockton's death, Annis, one of America's first published female poets, became a favorite correspondent of General Washington. They had eleven children. The exhausted rider was enthusiastically greeted by Thomas McKean and escorted in to the brick building where some 50 to 60 men were about to decide the fate of a continent. Witherspoon instituted numerous reforms, including modeling the syllabus and university structure after that used at the University of Edinburgh and other Scottish universities. ", On July 3rd, Jefferson's draft of the Declaration was submitted to the delegates from the 13 Colonies, and he suffered the pain of all authors at the hands of editors - in this case, half a hundred of them. Famously, when told that the country was not yet ready for independence, Witherspoon replied that it was "not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it." Witherspoon would go on to be one of the Founding Fathers of the United States as a signatory to the Declaration of Independence in 1776. As president of the College of New Jersey (1768-94; now Princeton University), he trained many leaders of the early nation and was the only active clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration. He said that "undaunted resolution was displayed on every countenance.". "Sir, out of respect to you," an artilleryman replied." In 1763 he received the degree of Sergeant at law the highest degree of law at that time. John Witherspoon is Don Rigali . In this connection it may be noted that in 1790 President Witherspoon, while a member of the New Jersey Legislature, was chairman of a committee on the abolition of slavery in the state, and brought in a report advising no action, on the ground that the law already forbade the importation of slaves and encouraged voluntary manumission. On June 26th, this Livingston petitioned the New York Assembly so that he could leave the state convention and rejoin Congress in Philadelphia. He would not live see his country win independence. Virtue, he argued, could be deduced through the development of the moral sense, an ethical compass instilled by God in all human beings and developed through religious education (Reid) or civil sociability (Hutcheson). John Witherspoon served with American Founding Fathers during the American Revolution. John Witherspoon would die on his farm near Princeton in 1794 at the age of 71. This latter claim of Knox descent though ancient in origin is long disputed and without primary documentation. And Continental Congresses were convened at Philadelphia in 1774, to deal with Britain's passage of the Intolerable Acts, and in 1775, shortly after the Battles of Lexington and Concord. John Witherspoon stated: "Religion is the grand concern of us all the salvation of our souls is the one thing needful." After his wife died in 1789, John Witherspoon headed up a committee in the New Jersey legislature to abolish slavery. 1777."[10]. Located in Princeton, it promotes the application of fundamental principles of republican government and ordered liberty to contemporary problems through a variety of centers, research programs, seminars, consultations, and publications. Elias Boudinot is responsible for our Thanksgiving Holiday, he proposed in 1789 in the United States House of Representatives, a resolution that we officially celebrate a day of public thanksgiving. William J. [11] During his two pastorates he wrote three well-known works on theology, notably the satire "Ecclesiastical Characteristics" (1753),[12] which opposed the philosophical influence of Francis Hutcheson.[13]. Richard Stockton (October 1, 1730 February 28, 1781) was an American lawyer, jurist, legislator, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. His most prominent students were Aaron Burr and James Madison. DAR Ancestor # A127172. Philip STOCKTON, Rev. They were the parents of at least 6 sons and 3 daughters. As a native Scotsman, long wary of the power of the British Crown, Witherspoon soon came to support the Revolution, joining the Committee of Correspondence and Safety in early 1774. [5] Witherspoon became prominent within the Church as an Evangelical opponent of the Moderate Party. He read it, and the simple ceremony was over. American actress, producer, and entrepreneur, Born on March 22, 1976 That is my defiance. He died from 9 April 1804 to 2 April 1805, in Salem . Born in 1723, he received the finest education available to a bright young gentleman of that era. Stockton served the College, afterwards known as Princeton University, as a trustee 26 years. 2006Gruber, Ira D., The Howe Brothers and the American Revolution. As the College's primary occupation at the time was training ministers, Witherspoon became a leader of the early Presbyterian church in America. The New York signers - William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, and Lewis Morris - were particularly vulnerable to British retaliation. Stockton and his wife had six children, four daughters and two sons: Julia Stockton (married to Benjamin Rush, also a signer of the Declaration), Mary, Susan, Richard, Lucius and Abigail. His losses cannot amount to less than five thousand pounds. Stocktons library one of the finest in the colonies was burned and he was forced to accept help from his family and friends to survive. He was in private practice as an otolaryngologist until 2012. In council he was wise and firm, but always prudent and moderateThe office of Judge of the province was never filled with more integrity and learning that it was by him for several years before the revolution. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856The Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence article on StocktonThe Richard Stockton Statue at the Architect of the CapitolAppleton's cyclopdia of American Biography article on StocktonRichard Stockton at Richard Stockton CollegeAmerican Heritage article on Stockton and the Declaration of Allegiance.Richard Stockton at Find a Grave. Feb 5 1723 - East Lothian, Ecosse, Royaume-Uni, Nov 15 1794 - Princeton, Comt De Mercer, New Jersey, tats-Unis, Princeton Cemetery, Princeton, New Jersey, United States, Feb 5 1722 - Gifford, East, Lothian, Scotland, Nov 15 1794 - Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, Scottish-American Presbyterian Minister And A Founding Father Of The United States, Manse Of Yester, Gifford, East Lothian, Scotland, United Kingdom, Princeton Cemetery, Princeton, New Jersey. This is the same day, just the difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendars. He was prominent in many reforms, especially in the areas of medicine and education. He is certainly the cleverest man I have yet seen from America. In London he attended the Queens birthday ball and was presented to King George III, later he had the honor of giving a speech to the King acknowledging the repeal of the Stamp Act and the King was impressed by Stockton. Witherspoon was at first unable to accept the offer, due to his wife's great fear of crossing the sea. Considered firm but good-humored in his leadership, Witherspoon was very popular among both faculty and students. Whenever I can serve my native country, I leave no occasion untried. He frequently attended Westminster Hall and advised all who would listen that the colonies would never submit to be taxed by the British parliament without representation. His 1776 sermon "The Dominion of Providence over the Passions of Men" was published in many editions and he was elected to the Continental Congress as part of the New Jersey delegation and, in July 1776, voted for the Resolution for Independence. The two remaining sons were bred to professions, and arose to distinction. He married (1) 2 Sept. 1748, Elizabeth Montgomerie (1722-1789), daughter of Robert Montgomerie. One night in Edinburgh, Stockton was attacked by a robber and he defended himself skillfully with a small sword, the surprised and wounded robber fled. Richard was silent during Adams speech and then listened with thoughtful and respectful attention to the arguments that were offered by supporters and opponents of the declaration under consideration. In 1768, Stockton had his first taste of government service when he was elevated to a seat in the New Jersey Provincial Council; he was later (1774) appointed to the provincial New Jersey Supreme Court. Leave a message for others who see this profile. Scots Presbyterian minister and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey, Born on February 05, 1723 And Charles Carroll, a new delegate from Maryland and one of the wealthiest men in America, replied as he was asked by Hancock if he would sign: "Most willingly." Scotland's DNA Like John Adams and Patrick Henry, he was an outspoken Patriot, advocating independence from Great Britain. Wife of Signer John Witherspoon Image: John Witherspoon John Witherspoon was born on February 5, 1722, at the village of Gifford, near Edinburgh, Scotland. References:Sanderson, Biography of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, page 195, 1831. ref>[1]Sanderson, Biography of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, 1823, page 156, 195.Stryker, William S., The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, Cambridge. He is co-editor of the Encyclopedia of the First Amendment. 03.12('53) DVD As they had not been present for the entire speech Richard asked Adams to repeat what they had missed. Stockton slowly regained his health and returned to his law practice to support his family but later developed cancer. He was the only active clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration on July 4th, 1776. Stockton was an active and influential member of Congress. They had ten children, with five surviving to adulthood. He was a longtime friend of George Washington. I call to God to witness that if any British troops are landed in the County of York, of which I am Lieutenant, I will wait no orders, but will summon the militia and drive the invaders into the sea!". (Clergyman, Author, Educator). John Witherspoon was the only clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration of Independence. He also made a mark in politics, serving as a member of the Continental Congress from 1776 until 1782. Stockton was appointed to committees supporting the war effort. Between 1776 and 1782, Witherspoon would serve on more than 100 committees, wearing his minister's robes in Congress to remind the delegates that God was on their side. [11], On March 7, 1781, The New Jersey Gazette acknowledged his worth to his country: "The ability, dignity, and integrity, with which this gentleman discharged the duties of the several important offices to which he was called by the voice of this country are well known.". Moses Coit Tyler "President Witherspoon in the American Revolution" The American Historical Review Volume 1, Issue 1, July 1896. pp. Stockton was admitted to the bar in 1754 and soon rose to great distinction. John Witherspoon (February 5, 1723 November 15, 1794) was a Scottish-American Presbyterian minister, educator, farmer, slaveholder, and a Founding Father of the United States. In January, however, a sensational pamphlet appeared in Philadelphia and stirred more revolutionary fervor than anything that had been written to that time. That reaction deeply hurt Morton, particularly when he was ignored even after he fell gravely ill early in 1777. While in London Stockton met with Benjamin Franklin and conferred with London merchants on the issue of paper money by the colonies and an act of Parliament forbidding it. Geni requires JavaScript! Related Information | The black gowned students of Princeton surrounded the door to Nassau Hall and cheered as Washington entered. For this reason, Rev. Nonetheless, he became one of Scotland's leading Presbyterian ministers. Witherspoon Names. This Commonwealth approach was not acceptable to the King, had it been the British could have avoided the war that freed the colonies and deprived the King of the fairest jewel in his crown. Cambridge in amesbury at many independents in doing this brave signer of grace, he is selected as to make sure that gathered intelligence produced numerous illustrations. Please try again. "My country is entitled to my services, and I shall not shrink from the cause, even though it should cost me my life," he declared. He was the only active clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration. A graduate of the University of Edinburgh, he gained a reputation in the Church of Scotland as a leader of the left-wing "Popular Party," and his works made him well-known in the American colonies. He fought against the flood of paper money, and opposed the issuance of bonds without provision for their amortization. He turned it into a very successful institution, and was a very popular man as a result. Rush secured the deal. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. In November 1777, as British forces neared, Witherspoon closed and evacuated the College of New Jersey. An urgent message from his colleague, Thomas McKean, now demanded his presence in Philadelphia "at the earliest possible moment." The University's Committee on Naming is reviewing a proposal to remove or replace a campus statue of John Witherspoon, an influential figure in the American Revolution who owned slaves during his time as Princeton's president. Lives and fortunes were lost, but their sacred honor was never sacrificed. John Adams Signer of the Declaration of Independence 2nd President of the United States of America An 19th century biography of this signer of the Declaration of Independence, including a handwriting sample, illustration, and student publishing opportunities Father of Julia Rush; Mary Hunter; Susannah Cuhtburt; Sen. Richard Stockton; Lucius Horatio Stockton and 2 others; Abigail Field and Abigail Dunbar less Dreading the possibility of war, on December 12, 1774; he drew up and sent to Lord Dartmouth, Secretary for the Colonies An Expedient for the Settlement of the American Disputes, a plan for self-government of America, independent of Parliament but owing allegiance to the Crown. Americans prominently involved with First Amendment issues, prohibited clergymen from serving in the state legislature, http://mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1233/john-witherspoon. Although he was released unharmed a few days later, he later had trouble sleeping, and would often faint in broad-daylight. This claim is based on a private letter quoting a rumor spread by an enemy of Stockton. At age 68, he married a 24-year-old widow, with whom he had two more children. Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, Witherspoon Street School for Colored Children, Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence, "Petition regarding the statue of John Witherspoon on Firestone Plaza", "LibGuides: African American Studies: Slavery at Princeton", Science and Religion in America, 18001860, "Statue / Monument of John Witherspoon in Washington DC by Sculptor William Couper", "National Historic Landmarks & National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania", "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Witherspoon Building", "Princeton School Board changes name of John Witherspoon Middle School", "Welcome witherspoonsociety.org - BlueHost.com", "Presbyterian Voices for Justice celebrates its history as it donates to three social justice causes", Biography on Princeton University's website, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Declaration of Independence Signer. New Hampshire delegates voted first because they were from the northernmost colony. He also firmed up entrance requirements. Address: 11-15 Wiggins St Princeton, NJ 08542. Mailer, Gideon. Witherspoon saw morality as having two distinct components: spiritual and temporal. He voted in favor, and shortly after voted for the Declaration of Independence. Therefore, public religion was a vital necessity in maintaining the public morals. Dr. Samuel S. Smith, who succeeded Dr. W. as president of the college j and Frances, the second tiaughter, married Dr. David Stockton and his wife, Annis, were close friends of General George Washington. discoveries. The duties on each side. Morrison, Jeffry H.. John Witherspoons Revolutionary Revolution. In The Founders on God and Government, ed. He attended the Haddington Grammar School, and obtained a Master of Arts and Bachelor of Divinity from the University of St. Andrews. John Witherspoon: The Signers of the Declaration of Independence John Witherspoon was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Not all of those who had voted for independence on July 2nd were present in August. John Witherspoon, signer of the Declaration of Independence from New Jersey, was born at Yester, Scotland, 5 Feb. 1722. Reverend Samuel Smith succeeded Dr. Witherspoon as president of Princeton in 1775. Although he remained in prison for only a month, his health was broken. Politically active, Witherspoon was a delegate from New Jersey to the Second Continental Congress and a signatory to the July 4, 1776, Declaration of Independence. (19 February 1756 - 1763), John Knox Witherspoon, Jr. (29 July 1757 - 30 January 1796), Frances Witherspoon (16 August 1759 - 11 November 1784). Reason third, you can write ten times better than I can.". There were no negative votes among the five southernmost colonies (South Carolina went along for the sake of unity), and when the roll had been completed 12 colonies had voted in favor of separation from Britain, with only New York abstaining. Richard gave a short but energetic speech at the close of the debate. He brought many of the better elements of the Scottish Enlightenment to Princeton and was interested in science as well as in government, moral philosophy, religion, and other subjects; notes of his lectures, which stressed the moral sense, were widely distributed in early America. He was turned over to the British and jailed in Perth Amboy first, then sent on to prison in New York. Birth of Rev. The British considered his college to be a "seminary of sedition." Twelve thousand men camped on his fields-during the growing season. Built in 1773 by John Witherspoon, a Signer of the Declaration of Independence and a close friend to Benjamin Franklin and George Washington, the lovingly restored and expanded Tusculum estate offers over 23 acres of beautiful grounds, modern amenities and gracious living - right in the middle of Princeton, NJ. There is a Richard Stockton Rest stop on the New Jersey Turnpike with his portrait and a short story. John Stockton married his cousin Abigail and assumed his wifes Presbyterian faith. When other members of Congress heard of the plight of the Clark sons, they ordered George Washington to take a British prisoner, preferably an officer, and starve him to death in a dark hole. Witherspoon was a staunch Protestant, nationalist, and supporter of republicanism. John Penn - John Penn was a self-taught lawyer whose main duty during the Revolutionary War was to keep the North Carolina militia supported with supplies. The ancestors of Richard "The Emigrant" Stockton are not known. He remained at the University to study divinity. Born in Scotland, John lived there for the first half of his adult life, marrying and having children there, and becoming a Presbyterian minister. In November 1778, as British forces neared, Witherspoon closed and evacuated the College of New Jersey. Her mother, Dr. Mary Elizabeth "Betty" Witherspoon (ne Reese), is from Harriman, Tennessee. Father of Anne Witherspoon Smith; John William Witherspoon; Christian Witherspoon; James Witherspoon; Robert Witherspoon and 8 others; Barbara Witherspoon; John Knox Witherspoon, Jr.; Frances Ramsay; George Witherspoon; Infant Witherspoon; David Witherspoon; Mary Anne Woods and Frances Witherspoon less At this point he was twenty. http://mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1233/john-witherspoon, The Free Speech Center operates with your generosity! Witherspoon Society, an organization of laypeople within the. Jimmy Witherspoon, born in Arkansas, was a master of the blues. Witherspoon worked with fellow Presbyterians and Congregationalists to ensure that the Anglican Church did not become the established church of the new nation as it had been in some of the states, but he believed that members of the clergy had the same right to participate in politics as others did. . Stocktons home Morven had been occupied by British General Cornwallis. ", Nelson demanded of the gunners. At the age of four, he could read the Bible. The map below shows the places where the ancestors of the famous person lived. The former John Witherspoon Middle School, Princeton, New Jersey. Richard Stocktons eldest son Richard became a New Jersey senator and Stocktons served in Congress for four generations. Many of his students, including James Madison, Aaron Burr, Philip Freneau, and John Breckenridge, would play prominent roles in the development of the new nation. Stockton was admitted to the bar in 1754, to the grade of counselor in 1758, and in 1763, he received the degree of Sergeant-at-Law the highest degree of law attainable. In 1774, he drafted and sent to Lord Dartmouth "a plan of self-government for America, independent of Parliament, without renouncing allegiance to the Crown.". Col. Daytons Regiment is moved from Fort Stanwix to Tyconderoga the Col and Major Barber came here last evening and the Regiment is now a few miles of this place, marching with cheerfulness, but a great part of the men barefooted and barelegged. Favor, and arose to distinction signer of the Declaration of Independence john would... 1794 at the age of 71 first unable to accept the offer, due his... Edinburgh and other Scottish universities Revolutionary Revolution for the Declaration of Independence john Witherspoon served with Founding. Leading Presbyterian ministers was blind by 1792 's primary occupation at the time was training ministers, Witherspoon and. 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